The Obscurities of the Individual :: Essays Papers

The Obscurities of the Individual In James Joyce’s Dubliners many themes arise in regards to the human basis of character. The author focuses on a critique of the situation in Ireland and on its society. This is adequately represented in the stories â€Å"A Little Cloud† and â€Å"The Dead† as well. With characters that suffuse themselves into the far back regimes of their minds, Joyce allows the reader to ‘feel’ the darkness that surrounds their lives. With efficient descriptions and simple storylines, every moment within the stories make the eventual understanding of the character' place in society that much more blatantly condemning. Each narration has its own identity, yet as the reader strings them along, one can construct a quaint picture of Dublin life at that time. There are many catalysts within every work that lead its main character to just theories, one of them is their lifestyles as a whole. The solitude that the characters dim their existence with makes their integration into social circles less complete. Whether this segregation is psychological, physical, or emotional, is irrelevant in the end. For the effects of this disparity is what eventually causes the rifts the characters create to consume their whole reality into the shadows of their perceptions. In â€Å"A Little Cloud†, Little Chandler allows his emotional insecurities to separate him from every circle he attends. He feels that he isn’t really a part of society and therefore, upon his friend’s arrival, the tie he acquires allows him to reconnect himself to a life that he had long since hadn’t felt a part of. His many dreams have never been succeeded and he realizes that he isn’t living the life he wants. He has always played it safe within his every decision, thus the clarity that flows into his meager existence when expecting his friend is what saves him from total obscurity. This is highlighted when he enters the luminosity of the bar feeling important and is faced with its many colors which lead him to believe that â€Å"the people were observing him curiously† (69). However, this point was already clear as he â€Å"felt himself superior to the people he passed† (68) while on his way to meet his friend. Chandler appoi nts Gallaher as his gateway to the dreams he still has. In â€Å"The Dead†, Gabriel finds that he has no real place within his relations because of his way of being.

History of Internet Essay

The term ‘Internet’ was coined on October 24, 1995. However the origin of the internet and related concepts are much older. The present day Internet is the revolutionized face of the nascent day communication system and is the most successful examples of benefits of sustained investment and commitment to information infrastructure (Leiner et al. , 2003). The unprecedented integration of collaboration, dissemination embarked by a series of gradual changes that the society has undergone with respect to the communication and connectivity needs. As described by Kristula (1997), it was in 1957 that the USA formed ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) within the DoD (Department of Defence) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military. Until 1960’s, the computers operated almost exclusively in batch mode, where programs were punched on stacks of cards and assembled into batches for the data to be fed in the local computer center. The need for the time sharing system had already set the stage for research and development work to make the time sharing possible on the computer systems. In an article, Hauben (1995), stated that the time sharing system led the foundation for the Interactive Computing, where the user could communicate and respond to the computer’s responses in a way that batch processing did not allow. Both Robert Taylor and Larry Roberts, future successors of Licklider as director of ARPA’s IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office), pinpoint Licklider as the originator of the vision which set ARPA’s priorities and goals and basically drove ARPA to help develop the concept and practice of networking computers. Licklider has been described as the father of modern day network, having laid the seeds of the Intergalactic network, the initial prototype of the Internet today. The vision of the interconnection and interaction of diverse communities guided the creation of the original ARPANET. The APRANET pioneered important breakthroughs in computer networking technology and the ability to collaborate and use dispersed resources (Winston, 1998). In 1962, Paul Baran, a RAND research worker introduced the concept of ‘Packet Switching’, while working towards the need of the U.  S. government to take command and control of any kind of nuclear attack. Packet switching was crucial to realization of computer networks and described breaking down of data into ’message blocks’ known as packets / datagrams, which were labeled to indicate the origin and the destination. Baran’s scheme was aided by telephone exchange methodology being used by information theory. The data was now sent in discrete packages around a network to achieve the same result – a more even flow of data through the entire network. The same concept also developed by British computer pioneer Donald Watt known as Davies’s Pilot Ace. Baran’s Distributive Adaptive Message Blockswitching became Watt Davies’s ‘Packet Switching’. The first host connected to the ARPANET was the SDS Sigma-7 on Sept. 2, 1969 at the UCLA (University of California in Los Angeles) site. It began passing bits to other sites at SRI (SDS-940 at Stanford Research Institute), UCSB (IBM 360/75 at University of California Santa Barbara), and Utah (Dec PDP-10 at the University of Utah). This was the first physical network and was wired together via 50 Kbps circuits. ARPANET at this stage used NCP (Network Control Protocol). By 1973, development began on TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) and then in 1974, the term ‘Internet’ was used in a paper on TCP/IP. The development of Ethernet, in 1976, supported high speed movement of data using coaxial cables and led the foundation for the LAN (Local Area Network). Packet satellite project, SATNET, went live connecting the US with Europe. Around the same time, UUCP (Unix –to-Unix Co Py) was being developed by AT&T Bell Labs. The need to link together those in Unix Community triggered the development of the Usenet in 1979. Using homemade auto dial modems and the UUCP, the Unix shell and the find command (that were being distributed with the Unix OS), Bellovin, wrote some simple shell scripts to have the computers automatically call each other up and search for changes in the date stamps of the files. The Usenet was primarily organized around News net and was called as the ‘Poor Man’s ARPANET’, since joining ARPANET needed political connections was costly too. Woodbury, a Usenet pioneer from Duke University, described how â€Å"News allowed all interested persons to read the discussion, and to (relatively) easily inject a comment and to make sure that all participants saw it. † However, owing to the slow speed, the coding language was soon changed to ‘C’, thus becoming the first released version of Usenet in C programming popularly known as A News. By 1983, TCP/IP replaced NCP entirely and the DNS (Domain Name System) was created so that the packets could be directed to a domain name where it would be translated by the server database into the corresponding IP number. Links began to be created between the ARPANET and the Usenet as a result of which the number of sites on the Usenet grew. New T1 lines were laid by NSF (National Science Foundation). The Usenet took an unexpected explosion, from 2 articles per day posted on 3 sites in 1979, to 1800 articles per day posted at 11000 sites by 1988. By 1990, the T3 lines (45 Kbps capacity) replaced the T1 lines and the NSFNET formed the new backbone replacing the ARPANET. The beginning of 1992 marked the establishment of a chartered Internet Society and the development of the World Wide Web. The first graphical user interface, named ‘Mosaic for X,’ was developed on the World Wide Web. By 1994, the Commercialization of the Internet emerged in the form of the first ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) was installed on the NSFNET. The free access of the NSFNET was blocked and fee was imposed on domains. This describes the series of events that shaped the history for the past two decades, ever since Internet came into existence. The Internet technology is continuously changing to accommodate the needs of yet another generation of underlying network technology. Hoping that the process of evolution will manage itself, we look forward to a new paradigm of Internet Services.

The Different Development of the New England, Southern,...

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle Colonies America was a place for dreams and new beginnings, until white people arrived in 1607. Three groups sailed over the treacherous Atlantic from their cruel lives in England to set up peaceful religious colonies. The only problem is that they attempted to settle in their own way and all failed dismally. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies grew differently over the period 1619-1760.Examining the three sets of colonies will prove that they were all different: socially, economically, politically but not philosophically. Socially the three groups of colonies developed differently. The New England Colonies life was dominated by the Puritan religion.†¦show more content†¦The three colonies all wanted to make money but they had to go about it in different ways. This was mainly due to what they had available. The New England Colonies were mainly agricultural farmers. With all the water reservoirs like Cape Cod there were plenty of fish so lots of people became fishermen. There were a lot of lumberjacks to cut down trees and export them to England. The Middle Colonies were extremely different because they set up extensive cosmopolitan cities reminiscent of New York. They had many specialists like doctors, lawyers, accountants, and teachers. They traded a lot with in North America and occasionally overseas. The Southern Colonies primarily depended on cotton and tobacco plantations. As the plantations grew they had to employ black slaves. The plantations were fully self contained with their own bla cksmith, teachers and professionals. So there were no big cities or towns. The main plantations traded directly with Europe via the Mississippi. The three colonies all made money differently with their diverse professions and traders. The three colonies all had comparable similarities, as they were all democratic. But they ran their democratic government differently. For instance the New England Colonies was a Theocracy, which meant that the church controlled the government. The Middle Colonies had their church and government separate. The Southern Colonies were the most inequitable as they were an Oligarchy. This meantShow MoreRelatedSouthern Colonies vs New England Colonies713 Words   |  3 Pagessome similarities between colonies. During the colonial time period from about the 1600’s through the 1700’s, the thirteen original colonies were founded and divided among three major sections known as the New England colonies, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies. The New England colonies consisted of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The Middle colonies contained New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The Southern colonies included Virginia, MarylandR ead MoreThe British North American Colonies857 Words   |  4 Pagesdawn of the 17th Century, England was in a suitable position to colonize North America. England had finally reached peace with Spain, and England had many workers willing to travel to America for a chance at religious freedom, affluence, and exploration. Aided by the funding of the Virginia Company, roughly one hundred English settlers landed on the North American shore in 1607, at a place they would name Jamestown. In the ensuing decades, more people traveled to this new land, and they expanded theirRead MoreEssay about Effect of Geography on English Colonies in America1217 Words   |  5 PagesA.P US History The Effect Of Geography On English Colonies The New England, Middle and Southern colonies were all English ruled, but yet very different. Among their distinctions, was the geography which played an important role in shaping these colonies. New England attracted Puritan farmers who wanted to separate from the Catholic Church. But because of the bone dry soil in the North, these colonists found they couldnt continue with their traditional ways of farming. However, with theRead MoreNew England and Southern Colonies Essay example727 Words   |  3 PagesBoth the New England colonies and the Southern colonies seemed as though they might be the same. They both started out with the majority of people being from England, they were both in the New World, and they were both ruled by England but, as time went on this theory was proven wrong. The New England colonies and the Southern colonies had many common characteristics but these two regions were very different geographically, politically, and socially. Geographically the New England colonies wereRead MoreAPUSH Essay 1 British North America Religous Tolerance896 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Evaluate the extent to which religious toleration in the British North American colonies maintained continuity as well as fostered changed from 1607-1700. Prior to the founding of the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1630 religion had not played a large part in the politics and development of the British North American colonies. The first settlers who established Jamestown in 1607 were looking for riches similar to those found by the Spanish in Central America. After finding no treasure and on the brinkRead MoreThe Colonies by 1763-a New Society?1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Colonies by 1763-A New Society? Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the extension of British ideals far beyond the practice in England itself. The thirteen colonies throughout time all established themselves and soon developed their own identities. Colonies in different areas were known for different things and no one colony was like the other. These people began to see them selves as CaroliniansRead MoreOut of Many Ch.3 Dbq Questions. Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesCh.3 dbq’s DOCUMENT A: * How would tens of thousands of settlers immigrating to New England with this image of their own purpose shape the development of that colony? * Winthrop wants them to be a city in which everyone can copy, and look up to. They want to be a city upon a hill, literally where they can control everyone around them. They want to be a prosperous yet very close minded estate with no religious tolerance. * What kinds of settlers arrived in Massachusetts Bay, PlymouthRead MoreThe Differences Between The Colonies And The Middle Colonies1738 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial regions. The New England colonies being colonized mainly for religion while the Middle colonies found wealth through industry, whereas the Southern colonies sought more trade and wealth opportunities through colonization. Economically, the New England colonies did not have trade as their primary focused, but still were involved in the processes of fishing, lumbering, and trapping, the Middle colonies found their wealth in lumbering and shipbuilding; the Southern colonies sought to grow andRead MoreThe Reformation Of The England979 Words   |  4 Pagesriches. England was suffering internally as a country. England longed for the riches and power that Spain and France had. England found a way to become number one in the hierarchy of the countries and began voyages in search of new land. Once England came upon the new land, they realized useful resources such as lumber, spices and other goods were in abundance. Settlements began to surface, creating several colonies that were categorized as northern, middle, and southern colonies. The colonies wereRead MoreIssues Of Early American Settlement Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIn the early settlement of America, disease and forced labor played a significant role. In the Spanish colonies from Florida and Southward, smallpox took an enormous toll on the conquerors and the native peoples. The so-called â€Å"black legend† regarding the Spanish and Portuguese was actually somewhat true, but also somewhat misleading. The concept held that â€Å"the conquerors merely butchered or tortured the Indians (‘killing for Christ’), stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left little

The Advantageous Of Petrodollar And Islamic Finance...

3.7. The advantageous of Petrodollar to Islamic Finance Petrodollar flows have been among the major factors supporting the growth of the Islamic finance industry ever since the 1960s GIFF (2010). The rising petrodollar flows in global markets imply continued and increasing petrodollar investments in the Islamic finance sector. This has led to a surge of interest in the Islamic Finance sector, with more and more countries positioning themselves as strategic locations to tap into part of this abundant pool of funds. For instance, a number of countries worldwide have announced their plans to issue Sukuk (Islamic bonds) and thus meet their financing needs by attracting high net worth investors (HNWIs) and wealth from the Middle East region. HNWIs are particularly on the look-out for efficient and secure jurisdictions for investing their funds, more so in the context of the present economic downturn . Operating in a facilitative business environment and reducing cost of operations are deemed instrumental factors for market players. Accordingl y, a number of jurisdictions have actively encouraged the development of their Islamic capital markets as a key strategy for attracting both HNWIs and Islamic finance businesses . In particular, it has been observed that jurisdictions from across the world are developing their Islamic capital markets by utilising the efficiency provided by Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs) to structure Shari’ah compliant products which adhere to the

Understanding Existentialism Essay - 864 Words

Do we matter? Do we seek personal happiness in life? These are questions from existentialism. The dictionary defines existentialism as an individual’s experience filled with isolation in a hostile universe where a human being attempts to find true self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hamlet is an existentialist character who believes that he is forced to avenge his father’s death and the hatred builds in his heart because of the many betrayals which direct him towards a senseless life and constant thoughts about suicide; this ultimately leads to his demise and he is left with naught. The narrator from â€Å"Things that Fly† has obviously gone through some sort of abandonment which has affected him†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Ophelia his ex-lover is set up by her father, Polonius and King Claudius to discover Hamlet’s reason for insanity;a she meets with him and Hamlet immediately discovers that sh e betrays him by lying about her father’s location. All the obstacles express his disappointment in life and they make him believe that life is really senseless and there is no way out while his attempts to finish Claudius remain a failure. Protagonist of â€Å"Things that Fly† has also gone through an calamitous event, where some significant person has abandoned him which ends up resulting in him â€Å"thinking of all the bad things [he] had done to other people in the world† and this also worries his parents that â€Å"[he] might go to pieces at any moment.† This exemplifies the extent of his melancholic behaviour he feels takes responsibility for all the mistakes he makes in life and realizes that he has no purpose in life. Like Hamlet is betrayed by the ones closest to him, narrator is also Both characters are able to not able to act freely and responsibly while being isolated in the world that they cannot control. Hamlet: He wants to be free from the worldly sorrows; he sees no point in human life and questions his existence. He wishes to commit suicide but his religious views stop him from ending his life; however in this life he has been forced to avenge for his father’s death. [not able to control the people betraying him and Hamlet has theShow MoreRelatedExistentialism : Existentialism And Existentialism994 Words   |  4 Pageshis choices† (Sartre, n.d.). When discussing existentialism, the man responsible for this quote is always attached to the conversation. As the man who is often remembered for bringing the most amount of international attention to the theory of existentialism, Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre deserves to have his theories and ideals discussed and respected whenever possible. Firstly, what exactly is existentialism? The textbook defines existentialism as â€Å"a philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizingRead MoreSartre s Idea Of The Self983 Words   |  4 Pagesor God. Sartre’s idea of Existentialism introduces a new way of thinking in terms of how we become a self. This paper will argue for Sartre’s idea of Existentialism by addressing the way in which it provides a concept of the self that has not been predetermined. Jean-Paul Sartre was considered one of the foremost thinkers in the world of existentialism. He firmly represented the idea of atheistic existentialism, and further described the broader term of existentialism as â€Å"existence precedes essence†Read MoreExistentialist Theory: Its Features, Advantages and Disadvantages784 Words   |  3 PagesExistentialist Theory, Its Features, Advantages and Disadvantages For introduction purposes, Existentialism is the philosophical theory that holds that in order to grasp human existence, then further set of categories governed by the norm of authenticity are necessary (Steven Crowell, 2010). Existentialism is a philosophy which stresses on human existence as opposed to the movements that submerge mans existence. Normally, if emphasis of distinction is placed upon mans existence then the questionRead MoreExistentialism And The Existentialist Ideas Behind Existentialism1186 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Existentialism is a theory of philosophy that stepped away from ideas that there is any single unifying reality or reason to existence and that we should approach philosophy from a perspective of what we can perceive to be true, not what we think is true without being able to perceive it. In that mind set, it tries to examine what a person’s perception of reality can be, their place is in that reality, how they approach their own existence given that information, and how, based on thoseRead More The Rise and Fall of Existentialism1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise and Fall of Existentialism   Ã‚  Ã‚   Existential literature often focuses on the personal journey towards existential awareness. Common themes in existential works, such as alienation and confrontation with death, often lead the anti-hero towards a climactic choice that defines whether they have reached true understanding. The themes within existential literature are reflected from the world at large, and the works themselves are a metaphor for a grander shift in Western philosophy. Read MoreExistentialism And The Beliefs Of The Movement1454 Words   |  6 PagesPalahniuk that is a good summary of existentialism and the beliefs of the movement. Existentialism was a turning point for society and literature that advocated the expansion of the minds of authors and their readers so we could improve our thinking to be more enlightened and free. The movement sparked much alternative thinking to allow our society to grow into what it is today and without it people would most likely be more close minded and less free. Existentialism was a very influential movement withRead More Hopeless and Absurd - Existentialism and Buddhism Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesHopeless and Absurd - Existentialism and Buddhism Perhaps the most telling symptom of existentialist philosophers is their ever-divergent theories on the fundamental characteristics of human life and their steadfast refusal to assign an explicit meaning or reason to our existence at all. Contrary to criticism which therefore labels the movement cynically nihilistic, existentialism justifies life with reasoning similar to that of Zen Buddhism. Specifically, the notions of hopelessness and absurdityRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1342 Words   |  6 Pagesand true natures, exposing each other in a raw truth. In many of his works, Sartre attempts to get important messages across that coincide with his philosophies. A piece that is easy to use to compare with the play is the essay The Humanism in Existentialism, as everything written in it are his own thoughts and commentary on life, how it should be lived, humanity, and how humans relate to each other and the world around them. That being said, he purposely writes No Exit in a way that blatantly disregardsRead More Finding an Existential Ethic Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesargues in her book Existentialist Ethics, It seems that to be attracted by Existentialism is to be attracted by a mood. When it comes to serious thought, one may find . . . that it is necessary to cast off the mood and start again (57). The focus of the existentialist is on the individual, existing being. By nature, the subject of existentialism appears incommunicable. It demands that each individual come to an understanding of the inwardness of self independently. This inwardness is not a state whichRead MoreSartre s Views On The Moral Choices895 Words   |  4 PagesJean-Paul Sartre is a French philosopher who makes his claims based on a combination of two philosophical traditions – existentialism and phenomenology. Sartre himself is an atheistic existentialist. He summarizes his claims regarding existentialism with three words – anguish, abandonment, and despair (25). I n this paper, I will talk about Sartre’s definition of existentialism, its relation to essence, Sartre’s views on the moral choices and how they relate to art. Sartre makes the claim that all

The Forest Free Essays

Forests are precious national resource whim not only play significant role in national condor but help in pollution control and maintaining logical balance. These offer a number of direct indirect advantages which have been realised sin time immemorial. Direct Advantages 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Forests provide valuable timber for dome tic and commercial use. Industries like paper, matt making, plywood, sports goods, lakh and furniture at directly based on raw materials derived from forest 2. Forests supply a number of minor produce which are utilised in different industries and domes* tic uses. These include lakh, gum and resins, tannin material, medicines, herbs, honey, spices, etc. 3. Forests offer employment to about 4 mil ­lion people to earn their livelihood in forest based occupations, i. e. , lumbering, sawing, furniture mak ­ing, forest produce collecting, etc. 4. Auction of forests for commercial use fetches annual income to state exchequer. 5. Export of forest products earns valuable foreign exchange to the country. 6. Grazing of cattle in the forests helps in dairy farming and cattle rising. 7. Forests are the natural habitat for wild life and birds which attract tourists, holiday makers and hunters. These may be developed as very good picnic or tourist centers in the form of wild life sanctuaries and national parks which have good employment and income generating potential. Indirect Advantages 1. Forests are the moderators of climate. These have effective role in controlling humidity and tem ­perature and precipitation. 2. Forests play dominant role in carbon cycle. These absorb atmospheric carbon-di-oxide and help in maintaining the purity of air and controlling atmospheric pollution. 3. Forests help in controlling soil erosion, soil degradation and floods. That is why these are very helpful in land reclamation and flood control. 4. Forests help in water percolation and thereby maintain underground water table. 5. Decay of plant leaves provides humus to the soils and increases their fertility. 6. Indian forests are rich in wild life housing about 500 species of animals. 7. Forests help in maintaining natural scenic beauty which every year attract a number of tourists and nature lovers. 8. Forests provide natural habitat to a number of primitive tribes which are part of our rich cultural heritage. Their mode of living, economy and cul ­tural traits are based on forest environment. 9. Forests provide recluse to rashes, saints and hermits who have enriched our religious and cultural thoughts. Mere a visit of such quiet serene environment relieves physical and mental strains and refurbishes new vitality and vigor. How to cite The Forest, Papers

Literature Review Cloud Computing

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Reviewfor Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is the mechanism which can be adopted by the business organizations for many of the purposes such as delivery of computing servicesservers, storing of databases, networking, software and systems which can be used by the entities in a number of operations, analytics and more over the Internet. The business organizations or the institutions who provides these kinds of computing services are (azure.microsoft. 2017) known as cloud providers and these institutions charge for the services they provide and these charges or the fees are based on the usage of the systems and the mechanisms. Important Variables According to Helpdesk LLC (2017) the small and large business corporations have been waiting for the cloud computing systems from the last few years. The most of the business organizations face the confusion and have a doubt regarding for making use of this system. The below mentioned literature review has been presented by the Help-desk LLC for defining the system and also determination of the same system will be done (Reilly, Wren and Berry, 2011). First a description has been given about Cloud computing is the same concept as it was earlier just the change and modification has been done in the name of the concept. This concept has been used by many of the business corporations and institutions from many years. There are a number of small business enterprises which are found to be using these mechanism and which are found with a server which is connected with a number of computers and these desktops are networked to server. And the second system which is used is known as hardware l ayer and which is also typically referred to as "the network," or "the information systems." And the cloud computing has decreased the need of networking in the offices at a greater extent. There are numerous of benefits of making use of this system or mechanism and from them one is that cloud computing will benefit the network and as it can be suddenly accessible from anywhere and anyone one can have access to the Internet and by which the company will be in running condition all time all the operational activities will be in a continuous form. And the biggest benefit of this system is that it can be accessed from whatever device or mechanism used from any to have with you i.e. laptop, iPad, mobile phone, etc. A comparable reference point would be Google Docs (Pocatilu, Alecu and Vetrici, 2010). The following is one of the example of a common use of cloud computing is while submitting of your documents to Google Docs for others to access via the Internet. For the initial level the most suitable example which is suitable for this system is of average small business person. As the business is small scale business the owner wont be having big amount for investing and building up an in-house network and also the entire business operations should b the entire business operation can be up and run-up and running within short period of time and this could be made happen by making use of the approach of cloud computing. The expenses are basically pay-as-you-go means as per the use and are also based on the amount of storage space and computing power that you use (Antonopoulos and Gillam, 2010). The below mentioned are the advantages and drawbacks of cloud computing: Low Cost Emergence of the mechanism of cloud computing in the market has been considered as the a low-cost or minimum expense incurring tool for the business. Corporations. And also business organizations are not required to make huge investments and heavy expenses on the establishment and setting up of this mechanism, as no hardware, equipment and infrastructure establishment is required. The companies wont be requiring incurring the expenses for installing the desktops, laptops or some type of device to access the Internet and utilize your data. And the investment in the implementation and maintaining the private and the companys own in-house networking is very minimum or low (searchcloudcomputing.techtarget. 2017). It is a very vital and significant concept for many small scale business corporations. The expenses incurred in the maintenance of an in-house network are enormous and it has also been observed that they are increasing every day. With an in-house network, there are oth er related costs and expenses which are incurred and are required to be paid by for the installation of the software and hardware upgrades and also the maintenance and providing training on the related topics to the employees. The above mentioned responsibilities and the duties are to be fulfilled by the service providers of the cloud systems and also the costs and the expenses are to be incurred by them only. The best way to develop an understanding which is related to the concept of expenses computing services is to think in context of renting vs. owning. The service providers of the cloud computing services should have a storage of all the required resources and which are to be utilized by the business client for a monthly or annual fee which has been charged by the service provider at the begining. And this concept has been referred as similar and which is also common to as the Software-as-a-Service (or SaaS) model. In this concept the company is required to pay for the use of t he service which can also be said as you pay as you go. A sense of more predictability in budgeting for these costs and expenses is provided to the owner of the model. Flexibility -- With the use of the mechanism of cloud computing in the business organization, as mentioned above the company need to pay only for what the company use the services, the business corporation are provided with a limited flexibility in the use of the system and the service for which they have already paid an amount. For instance if a person has small amount of investments for starting up a small business and in this case the owners can make use of small computing packages and can also increase the use of the computing services as the business activities and the operations keeps on growing. After a particular growth in the business the owners can opt for a bigger package of computing services (Velte and et al, 2010). The setting-up, implementation and bring into operation are some of the functionalities and these are done with a good speed. There are some service providers who have set-up at an automatic scale for the essential and required resource for the business corpo ration. Necessary changes and modifications can be done in the infrastructure as per the requirements of the organization. These modifications can be into making the network private network, public, or a combination of both (Sosinsky, 2010). Simple, Fast, Easy The biggest advantage of cloud computing is that it's is of very much easy to operate. By making use of the system of cloud computing can streamline many parts within the organizational structure of the entity (Griffith. 2016). It will be proven beneficial for the business entities when they start making use of these systems and step into the systems and this will also make the business to run more smoothly with a great potential and also improves the efficiency of the firm and also when the firm is a web-based corporation applications that are available in the cloud (Rittinghouse and Ransome, 2016). Everything from prospect management applications to customer billing and invoicing can be moved out of the store of the company and gets shifted to the into the cloud system. This gives will enhance the ability to focus on what the company do best in business and excel and grow the strengths while someone else handles the administrative functions (Sotto, Treacy and Mc Lellan, 2010). Accessibility -- Regardless of where the company stands or is operating in the world, it will have access on the operations which are based on cloud computing mechanism. There will be only some sought of complicated remote login procedures and which are required for the in-house network. In this process the only thing or the tool required is a device that can access the web and an Internet connection which will be controlling the systems (bigdata-madesimple. 2017). This means the employees or the staff in the organization can have access anywhere and at any-time, from home, office or on the road at a client's office. Sustainability There are a number of issues which can be faced by the business such as a natural disaster which can strike the business at any time,. But now there is solution to the problem which is cloud computing capability which resides somewhere else. Obviously, this is can also be considered as a disadvantage if the disaster hits the service provider (Chaczko and et al, 2011). Security of Your Data -- This has been considered as the prime or the main concern which is related to cloud computing systems which are being used within the business organizations. In a very basic sense, the data or the confidential information that used to reside within the four walls of the business corporation now resides elsewhere. Addressing the security of the data must be done on priority basis and also the security of that data must be addressed and shit should be considered as a significant point and this is required to be done with care as the data stored in the cloud systems contains trade secrets of a number of business organizations, proprietary lists, files of the consumers and their records etc. As per the researches and survey carried about 69% of cloud providers said that data security was the responsibility of the end-user (Antonopoulos and Gillam, 2010). And on the basis of another survey it was also concluded that by contrast an approx. estimate number of only 3 5% of the end-users agreed that they should be held responsible. And it has been clearly mentioned that there is a sense of disparity between cloud providers and cloud users about who is responsible for data security. The companies who are making use of the cloud computing system should have a clear idea and estimate that their data is vulnerable to compromise and is exposed to risk. Author has also mentioned that knowing about the risks and dangers and also having an idea about the proper measures and precautions which are required to be taken right from the start has been considered as an important step for the business organization (Vishwanathan, P, 2017). Whereas there are a number of small business organizations who do not have the resources to adequately protect their data even when it is in-house and for these small companies a reasonably priced off-site solution may be right for certain applications (levelcloud. 2017). The key or the solution to this problem is consulting or asking to the right questions of the provider and getting good advice. Costs When Under Attack As mentioned above the mechanism of cloud computing has been considered as a low cost mechanism or tool and some time it also provides some sought of additional benefits. But it can also actually cost more money or can be a reason in incurring a number of additional expenses. For instance, if a company's website comes under a distributed denial of service (D-DOS) attack (stratospherenetworks . 2017). The reason behind this attack is that the typical goal of a D-DOS attack is to gobble up resources and which is done for rendering the server incapacitated (Sridhar, 2009). If the cloud computing provider has no protections in place against DDoS attacks, when the site is attacked, then service provider will have to simply begin to increase the resources that the site requires (due to the attack) and bill for the resources provided and which naturally will bring an increase in the expenses. It is of very much significance for the business corporation to ask the pr ovider what kind of provisions they have to protect against this type of attack. Performance Can Vary -- In a cloud environment, the applications which are running on servers for the business organizations are also simultaneously providing resources to other businesses too. With the fluctuations in the requirements and the demands made by the other users, there will be impacts on the performance of the business organization and the share of the resources will be also on a varying note. Often, the service providers may claim that the resources available with the business entities are unlimited. This may be theoretically true, but from a practical point of view the hardware scalability is probably limited. Methods of Analysis There are number of methods which have been adopted for carrying out the research of the above presented literature review. Mainly the books have been made in use for getting a deep understanding about the advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing mechanism. Also the articles have been used for get a clear idea about the concept. Gaps in Literature Review In the above carried out research the main focus has been provided on the concept of cloud computing and also the advantages and disadvantages of the system. Mainly the focus of the research is on the benefits attained by the cloud computing system and which develops the gap in literature review as some of the important issues or disadvantages has been ignored. Such as reliability of the organizations on the system is too much and is increasing day by day and which is a big issue as in case if the system crashes or is hacked then the corporation can be in a big problem. As all the confidential data is stored within the system. Also there is very limited control over the whole system of cloud computing. The more control is of the service provider and which can be sometimes quite dangerous for the customer as many of the details can be exposed to the service provider. Conclusion From the above carried out research it has been concluded that the concept of cloud computing has to be considered as a new concept in terms of maturity and adoption. And also there are some expectations and estimations made regarding the changes under which the business corporations will undergo in the future, in terms of resources, issues, risks, and ultimately best practices and standards. Moreover there are a number of benefits and advantages which have been provided by the system and have also been undergone in providing potentially values for institutions of higher education and other business organizations. On-demand services can resonate positively with the current university tight budgets across the nation and other parts of the world. A number of benefits of the transition to cloud computing have been mentioned out in this above carried out analysis along with concerns regarding the general implementation of this application. References Reilly, D., Wren, C. and Berry, T., 2011. Cloud computing: Pros and cons for computer forensic investigations.International Journal Multimedia and Image Processing (IJMIP),1(1), pp.26-34. 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